自杀的结构指标:2015-2019年美国黑人和白人州级风险因素的探索。

IF 1.6 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of Public Mental Health Pub Date : 2022-02-10 Epub Date: 2022-01-05 DOI:10.1108/jpmh-09-2021-0111
Ryan A Robertson, Corbin J Standley, John F Gunn, Ijeoma Opara
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:在过去十年中,美国黑人自杀死亡人数增加了35.6%。在24岁以下的青年中,黑人青年自杀死亡人数大幅上升。研究人员发现,与美国白人相比,结构性不平等(如教育程度)和特定州的变量(如最低工资、监禁率)可能会增加黑人自杀的风险。鉴于对这些因素如何系统地对黑人和白人社区产生不同影响的了解有限,本文旨在使用2015年至2019年的公开数据来研究美国各州之间的这些关系。设计/方法/途径:数据来自各种国家来源,包括国家教育统计中心、劳工部、联邦调查局的《美国犯罪报告》和人口普查局。使用四个广义估计方程(GEE)模型来检验州级变量对自杀率的影响:黑人成年人自杀率、黑人青年(24岁及以下)自杀率、白人成年人自杀率和白人青年自杀率。每种模型都包括州级仇恨群体比率、最低工资、暴力犯罪率、总空缺率以及特定种族的州级贫困率、监禁率和毕业率。研究结果-:在所有GEE模型中,自杀率在2015-2019年间都有所上升(ß=1.11-2.78;ß;=0.91-1.82;𶟷=0.52-3.09;坙=0.16-1.53)。就黑人成年自杀率而言,州自杀率随着黑人监禁比例的上升而上升(蟉=1.14),但随着住房空置率的上升而下降(\22361=-1.52)。在黑人青年中,州自杀率随着黑人监禁人数的增加而上升(ß=0.93)。就成年白人自杀率而言,州自杀率随白人监禁人数的上升而上升(223;=1.05),未参保率也随白人毕业率的上升而下降(土=-2.36)。最后,在白人青年中,州自杀率随着白人监禁率的上升而上升(ß=0.55),随着暴力犯罪率的上升(ł=0.55;),但随着州最低工资(土=-0.61)、白人贫困率(坶=0.40)和毕业率(Ú=0.97)的上升而下降,以及这些因素如何对白人和黑人社区产生不同的影响。
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Structural indicators of suicide: an exploration of state-level risk factors among Black and White people in the United States, 2015-2019.

Purpose –: Death by suicide among Black people in the USA have increased by 35.6% within the past decade. Among youth under the age of 24 years old, death by suicide among Black youth have risen substantially. Researchers have found that structural inequities (e.g. educational attainment) and state-specific variables (e.g. minimum wage, incarceration rates) may increase risk for suicide among Black people compared to White people in the USA. Given the limited understanding of how such factors systematically affect Black and White communities differently, this paper aims to examine these relationships across US states using publicly available data from 2015 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach –: Data were aggregated from various national sources including the National Center for Education Statistics, the Department of Labor, the FBI's Crime in the US Reports and the Census Bureau. Four generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were used to examine the impact of state-level variables on suicide rates: Black adults suicide rate, Black youth (24 years and younger) suicide rate, White adult suicide rate and White youth suicide rate. Each model includes state-level hate group rates, minimum wage, violent crime rates, gross vacancy rates, and race-specific state-level poverty rates, incarceration rates and graduation rates.

Findings –: Across all GEE models, suicide rates rose between 2015-2019 (ß = 1.11 - 2.78; ß = 0.91 - 1.82; ß = 0.52 - 3.09; ß = 0.16 - 1.53). For the Black adult suicide rate, state rates increased as the proportion of Black incarceration rose (ß = 1.14) but fell as the gross housing vacancy rates increased (ß = -1.52). Among Black youth, state suicide rates rose as Black incarcerations increased (ß = 0.93). For the adult White suicide rate, state rates increased as White incarceration (ß = 1.05) and percent uninsured increased (ß = 1.83), but fell as White graduation rates increased (ß = -2.36). Finally, among White youth, state suicide rates increased as the White incarceration rate rose (ß = 0.55) and as the violent crime rate rose (ß = 0.55) but decreased as state minimum wages (ß = -0.61), White poverty rates (ß = -0.40) and graduation rates increased (ß = -0.97).

Originality/value –: This work underscores how structural factors are associated with suicide rates, and how such factors differentially impact White and Black communities.

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Journal of Public Mental Health
Journal of Public Mental Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
7.10%
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32
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