{"title":"Susto作为痛苦的文化概念:现有研究和未来调查需要考虑的方面。","authors":"Fanny Beatriz Martínez-Radl, Devon Emerson Hinton, Ulrich Stangier","doi":"10.1177/13634615231163986","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the cultural conceptualizations of distress, <i>susto</i> is defined in the DSM-5 as \"a cultural explanation of distress and misfortune in Latin America that refers to an illness attributed to a terrifying event that causes the soul to leave the body and leads to unhappiness and illness, as well as difficulties in performing key social functions\" (American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, 5th edition. Washington, DC: APA, p. 836). Thus, <i>susto</i> represents a cultural explanation that encompasses the symptoms of various mental disorders and physical diseases. We analyzed the descriptions of <i>susto</i> from different scientific fields and related them to definitions of DSM-5 syndromes. Three syndromic subtypes of <i>susto</i> show a symptomatic overlap with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic disorder. However, linguistic metaphors describing symptoms and perceived causes that are specific for Latin American culture support the concept of <i>susto</i> as a specific idiom of distress (e.g., loss of soul, shadow or <i>ajayu</i>; sunken, closed or white eyes; jumping and screaming in the night; being thrown to the ground). In addition, if diagnostic criteria are met for mental disorders, then <i>susto</i> describes a perceived cause of psychopathological states (e.g., depressive disorder, PTSD, somatic disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Future research with people who have experienced <i>susto</i> is needed to clarify whether <i>susto</i> precedes the onset of other mental disorders (perceived cause) or whether it is a way of designating distress (idiom of distress).</p>","PeriodicalId":47864,"journal":{"name":"Transcultural Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/af/10.1177_13634615231163986.PMC10504816.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"<i>Susto</i> as a cultural conceptualization of distress: Existing research and aspects to consider for future investigations.\",\"authors\":\"Fanny Beatriz Martínez-Radl, Devon Emerson Hinton, Ulrich Stangier\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/13634615231163986\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Among the cultural conceptualizations of distress, <i>susto</i> is defined in the DSM-5 as \\\"a cultural explanation of distress and misfortune in Latin America that refers to an illness attributed to a terrifying event that causes the soul to leave the body and leads to unhappiness and illness, as well as difficulties in performing key social functions\\\" (American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, 5th edition. Washington, DC: APA, p. 836). Thus, <i>susto</i> represents a cultural explanation that encompasses the symptoms of various mental disorders and physical diseases. We analyzed the descriptions of <i>susto</i> from different scientific fields and related them to definitions of DSM-5 syndromes. Three syndromic subtypes of <i>susto</i> show a symptomatic overlap with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic disorder. However, linguistic metaphors describing symptoms and perceived causes that are specific for Latin American culture support the concept of <i>susto</i> as a specific idiom of distress (e.g., loss of soul, shadow or <i>ajayu</i>; sunken, closed or white eyes; jumping and screaming in the night; being thrown to the ground). In addition, if diagnostic criteria are met for mental disorders, then <i>susto</i> describes a perceived cause of psychopathological states (e.g., depressive disorder, PTSD, somatic disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Future research with people who have experienced <i>susto</i> is needed to clarify whether <i>susto</i> precedes the onset of other mental disorders (perceived cause) or whether it is a way of designating distress (idiom of distress).</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":47864,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Transcultural Psychiatry\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-08-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1b/af/10.1177_13634615231163986.PMC10504816.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Transcultural Psychiatry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615231163986\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2023/3/29 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ANTHROPOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transcultural Psychiatry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615231163986","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/3/29 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ANTHROPOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Susto as a cultural conceptualization of distress: Existing research and aspects to consider for future investigations.
Among the cultural conceptualizations of distress, susto is defined in the DSM-5 as "a cultural explanation of distress and misfortune in Latin America that refers to an illness attributed to a terrifying event that causes the soul to leave the body and leads to unhappiness and illness, as well as difficulties in performing key social functions" (American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Washington, DC: APA, p. 836). Thus, susto represents a cultural explanation that encompasses the symptoms of various mental disorders and physical diseases. We analyzed the descriptions of susto from different scientific fields and related them to definitions of DSM-5 syndromes. Three syndromic subtypes of susto show a symptomatic overlap with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic disorder. However, linguistic metaphors describing symptoms and perceived causes that are specific for Latin American culture support the concept of susto as a specific idiom of distress (e.g., loss of soul, shadow or ajayu; sunken, closed or white eyes; jumping and screaming in the night; being thrown to the ground). In addition, if diagnostic criteria are met for mental disorders, then susto describes a perceived cause of psychopathological states (e.g., depressive disorder, PTSD, somatic disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Future research with people who have experienced susto is needed to clarify whether susto precedes the onset of other mental disorders (perceived cause) or whether it is a way of designating distress (idiom of distress).
期刊介绍:
Transcultural Psychiatry is a fully peer reviewed international journal that publishes original research and review articles on cultural psychiatry and mental health. Cultural psychiatry is concerned with the social and cultural determinants of psychopathology and psychosocial treatments of the range of mental and behavioural problems in individuals, families and human groups. In addition to the clinical research methods of psychiatry, it draws from the disciplines of psychiatric epidemiology, medical anthropology and cross-cultural psychology.