Consultation-Liaison Case Conference: Systemic Challenges in Management of Aggression in a Pediatric Patient With Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis

We present the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented to a tertiary-care academic children's hospital with acute onset of severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms, perseveration, grimacing, and personality changes with resultant agitation. Extensive multidisciplinary workup led to a diagnosis of seronegative autoimmune encephalitis. The clinical course included multiple general pediatric and inpatient psychiatric unit admissions that were complicated by severe affective dysregulation with physical aggression towards staff and family. Top experts in the consultation-liaison field provide guidance for this commonly encountered clinical case based on their experience and a review of available literature. Key teaching points include assessment and management of seronegative autoimmune encephalitis and catatonia. We discuss the system-level challenges of management of aggression in health care settings and ways to improve care for patients presenting with behavioral manifestations (aggression) of physical illness.