Improvement in neck ultrasound report quality following the implementation of European Thyroid Association guidelines for postoperative cervical ultrasound for thyroid cancer follow-up, a prospective population study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the quality of postoperative neck ultrasound (POU) for thyroid cancer patients after implementing European Thyroid Association (ETA) guideline-based POU assessment.

Methods: Our analysis involved 672 differentiated thyroid cancer patients. POU report quality was compared between the implementation radiology group (IRG), which implemented ETA guideline-based assessment in 2018, and all non-implementation radiology groups (NIRG). Differences in POU quality were evaluated before and after the implementation of guideline-based assessment. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level <0.2 ng/mL or between 0.21 and 0.99 ng/mL and normal POU lesion status at 1-year follow-up to predict the absence of persistent disease or relapse at 3-year follow-up.

Results: IRG had significantly higher mean utility scores for POU reports of abnormal thyroid bed nodules compared to NIRG (P < 0.001). IRG's POU reports for suspicious nodules and lymph nodes were considered sufficient in 94% and 85% of cases, respectively, compared to 45% and 68% for NIRG. For patients with normal US lesion status and Tg <0.2 ng/mL or Tg 0.21-0.99 ng/mL at 1-year follow-up, the negative predictive values were 96% for both.

Conclusions: Implementation of 2013 ETA POU-reporting guidelines allowed for the provision of high-quality POU reports, which may lead to increased accuracy in assessing the response to treatment and in estimating the risk of recurrence of thyroid cancer and likely reduce unnecessary repeat POU or FNA.