COVID-19患者的免疫发病机制:从免疫系统“进化”与“革命”的角度

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI:10.1017/erm.2022.12
Dan Lv, Bai Hu, Xingguang Lin, Renjie Wang, Di Wu, Rui Long, Mengzhou He, ShuJie Liao, Dongrui Deng
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引用次数: 3

摘要

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒引起的大流行正在席卷全球,威胁着数百万人的生命,并极大地改变了我们的生活方式。根据目前的研究,在某些阶段不能及时、适当地激活或消除炎症反应可能导致疾病的进展。换句话说,对2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的强大免疫反应至关重要。然而,从理论上讲,它们并不存在于某些特殊人群中,包括年轻人、老年人、自身免疫患者或癌症患者。男女之间也存在差异。我们的免疫系统不断进化,以确保生命不同阶段的微妙协调。先天免疫细胞主要由髓系细胞组成,包括中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、树突状细胞和肥大细胞;它们在不同的生命阶段具有不同程度的吞噬能力。它们首先在感染时被招募,并在需要时激活适应性免疫。另一方面,适应性免疫细胞主要由淋巴系组成。随着一个人的成长,适应性免疫逐渐成熟并扩展其记忆库,同时伴随着数量和质量的调整。本文将从目前研究和推测的免疫系统“进化”和“革命”的角度对这些群体的免疫学特征进行总结和分析,有助于全面了解COVID-19和个性化治疗策略。
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Immunopathogenesis of patients with COVID-19: from the perspective of immune system 'evolution' and 'revolution'.

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sweeping the world, threatening millions of lives and drastically altering our ways of living. According to current studies, failure to either activate or eliminate inflammatory responses timely and properly at certain stages could result in the progression of the disease. In other words, robust immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are critical. However, they do not theoretically present in some special groups of people, including the young, the aged, patients with autoimmunity or cancer. Differences also do occur between men and women. Our immune system evolves to ensure delicate coordination at different stages of life. The innate immune cells mainly consisted of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and mast cells; they possess phagocytic capacity to different degrees at different stages of life. They are firstly recruited upon infection and may activate the adaptive immunity when needed. The adaptive immune cells, on the other way, are comprised mainly of lymphoid lineages. As one grows up, the adaptive immunity matures and expands its memory repertoire, accompanied by an adjustment in quantity and quality. In this review, we would summarise and analyse the immunological characteristics of these groups from the perspective of the immune system 'evolution' as well as 'revolution' that has been studied and speculated so far, which would aid the comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 and personalised-treatment strategy.

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来源期刊
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
1.60%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine is an innovative online journal featuring authoritative and timely Reviews covering gene therapy, immunotherapeutics, drug design, vaccines, genetic testing, pathogenesis, microbiology, genomics, molecular epidemiology and diagnostic techniques. We especially welcome reviews on translational aspects of molecular medicine, particularly those related to the application of new understanding of the molecular basis of disease to experimental medicine and clinical practice.
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