Maryam K Mohammadi-Aragh, John E Linhoss, Christopher A Marty, Jeffrey D Evans, Joseph L Purswell, Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba, G Daniel Chesser, J Wesley Lowe
{"title":"评估松树和马齿苋生物炭对商用肉鸡粪便中大肠杆菌、需氧细菌总数和细菌群落的影响。","authors":"Maryam K Mohammadi-Aragh, John E Linhoss, Christopher A Marty, Jeffrey D Evans, Joseph L Purswell, Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba, G Daniel Chesser, J Wesley Lowe","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00056","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a commensal bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry; however, some strains are pathogenic and can cause a wide range of diseases. In addition, some strains of pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> can survive in the litter between flocks, making litter management critical for reducing <i>E. coli</i>-associated infections. Biochar (BC) is a porous, carbonaceous material that may be a beneficial litter amendment to reduce moisture and microbial loads. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pine BC, miscanthus BC, and Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT) on <i>E. coli</i>, total aerobic bacteria populations, and bacterial communities when added to used broiler litter. Pine and miscanthus BC were mixed into poultry litter at inclusion rates of 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% w/w. PLT was surface applied at a rate of 0.73 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Baseline <i>E. coli</i> and aerobics were measured after a 48-hr litter incubation period and just prior to adding litter treatments. <i>Escherichia coli</i> and aerobics were enumerated 2 and 7 days after adding treatments. Overall, pine BC at 30% had the lowest <i>E. coli</i> and aerobic counts (5.98 and 6.44 log <sub>10</sub> colony-forming units [CFU]/g, respectively); however, they were not significantly different from the control (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). At day 2, 30% pine BC inclusion rate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in <i>E. coli</i> and aerobic bacteria counts compared to the control. Miscanthus BC application did not result in significant reductions in <i>E. coli</i> or aerobic bacteria at days 2 or 7. PLT had the highest <i>E. coli</i> (7.07 log <sub>10</sub> CFU/g) and aerobic counts (7.21 log <sub>10</sub> CFU/g) overall. Bacterial community analysis revealed that the alpha and beta diversity between pine BC- and PLT-treated litter were significantly different. However, neither BC type significantly impacted bacterial diversity when compared to the control. Differences in <i>E. coli</i> and aerobic counts between BC types may be attributed to variations in feedstock physiochemical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"66 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evaluating the Effects of Pine and Miscanthus Biochar on <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Total Aerobic Bacteria, and Bacterial Communities in Commercial Broiler Litter.\",\"authors\":\"Maryam K Mohammadi-Aragh, John E Linhoss, Christopher A Marty, Jeffrey D Evans, Joseph L Purswell, Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba, G Daniel Chesser, J Wesley Lowe\",\"doi\":\"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00056\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a commensal bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry; however, some strains are pathogenic and can cause a wide range of diseases. In addition, some strains of pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> can survive in the litter between flocks, making litter management critical for reducing <i>E. coli</i>-associated infections. Biochar (BC) is a porous, carbonaceous material that may be a beneficial litter amendment to reduce moisture and microbial loads. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pine BC, miscanthus BC, and Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT) on <i>E. coli</i>, total aerobic bacteria populations, and bacterial communities when added to used broiler litter. Pine and miscanthus BC were mixed into poultry litter at inclusion rates of 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% w/w. PLT was surface applied at a rate of 0.73 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Baseline <i>E. coli</i> and aerobics were measured after a 48-hr litter incubation period and just prior to adding litter treatments. <i>Escherichia coli</i> and aerobics were enumerated 2 and 7 days after adding treatments. Overall, pine BC at 30% had the lowest <i>E. coli</i> and aerobic counts (5.98 and 6.44 log <sub>10</sub> colony-forming units [CFU]/g, respectively); however, they were not significantly different from the control (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). At day 2, 30% pine BC inclusion rate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in <i>E. coli</i> and aerobic bacteria counts compared to the control. Miscanthus BC application did not result in significant reductions in <i>E. coli</i> or aerobic bacteria at days 2 or 7. PLT had the highest <i>E. coli</i> (7.07 log <sub>10</sub> CFU/g) and aerobic counts (7.21 log <sub>10</sub> CFU/g) overall. Bacterial community analysis revealed that the alpha and beta diversity between pine BC- and PLT-treated litter were significantly different. However, neither BC type significantly impacted bacterial diversity when compared to the control. Differences in <i>E. coli</i> and aerobic counts between BC types may be attributed to variations in feedstock physiochemical properties.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8667,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Avian Diseases\",\"volume\":\"66 4\",\"pages\":\"1-10\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Avian Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00056\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Avian Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00056","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluating the Effects of Pine and Miscanthus Biochar on Escherichia coli, Total Aerobic Bacteria, and Bacterial Communities in Commercial Broiler Litter.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a commensal bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry; however, some strains are pathogenic and can cause a wide range of diseases. In addition, some strains of pathogenic E. coli can survive in the litter between flocks, making litter management critical for reducing E. coli-associated infections. Biochar (BC) is a porous, carbonaceous material that may be a beneficial litter amendment to reduce moisture and microbial loads. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pine BC, miscanthus BC, and Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT) on E. coli, total aerobic bacteria populations, and bacterial communities when added to used broiler litter. Pine and miscanthus BC were mixed into poultry litter at inclusion rates of 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% w/w. PLT was surface applied at a rate of 0.73 kg/m2. Baseline E. coli and aerobics were measured after a 48-hr litter incubation period and just prior to adding litter treatments. Escherichia coli and aerobics were enumerated 2 and 7 days after adding treatments. Overall, pine BC at 30% had the lowest E. coli and aerobic counts (5.98 and 6.44 log 10 colony-forming units [CFU]/g, respectively); however, they were not significantly different from the control (P ≤ 0.05). At day 2, 30% pine BC inclusion rate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in E. coli and aerobic bacteria counts compared to the control. Miscanthus BC application did not result in significant reductions in E. coli or aerobic bacteria at days 2 or 7. PLT had the highest E. coli (7.07 log 10 CFU/g) and aerobic counts (7.21 log 10 CFU/g) overall. Bacterial community analysis revealed that the alpha and beta diversity between pine BC- and PLT-treated litter were significantly different. However, neither BC type significantly impacted bacterial diversity when compared to the control. Differences in E. coli and aerobic counts between BC types may be attributed to variations in feedstock physiochemical properties.
期刊介绍:
Avian Diseases is an international journal dedicated to publishing original basic or clinical research of the highest quality from various disciplines including microbiology, immunology, pathology and epidemiology. Papers on avian diseases relevant to etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and control are accepted. Manuscripts dealing with avian species other than poultry will be considered only if the subject is relevant to poultry health.