Flame temperatures in engines

After considering the most likely factors which may influence the measurement and calculation of gas temperatures in an engine during combustion and expansion, there appears to be reasonable agreement between measured and calculated results if (1) temperatures are measured by means of the line-reversal method with suitable corrections for the effect of temperature gradients in the gases, and (2) temperatures are calculated on the basis of thermodynamic analysis, assuming thermal and chemical equilibrium, including the effects of variable specific heat of the gases and dissociation, based on the most recent thermal and chemical data, and correcting for heat loss during combustion.