糖皮质激素作为生物放大器的作用。

D K Granner
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引用次数: 16

摘要

最近对激素作用的研究旨在研究定义良好的系统中的单一效应。正如本书几章中所举例说明的那样,使用这种方法可以推断出糖皮质激素的一般作用机制。大多数激素,尤其是糖皮质激素,在完整的动物体内并不是独立的。虽然关于糖皮质激素如何与其他激素相互作用的最著名的例子是那些由cAMP介导的作用的效应的放大,但这些类固醇也增强了各种其他激素和效应器的作用。这种相互作用在临床医学中也很有趣,因为糖皮质激素在许多情况下与其他药物联合使用,包括治疗哮喘、过敏、某些类型的休克和癌症。糖皮质激素作用的生化和药理学基础尚不清楚。在某些情况下,除非组织首先暴露于糖皮质激素,否则无法观察到其他激素的作用。在这些情况下,糖皮质激素被称为发挥“许可效应”,因为它们允许一个过程以最大速度进行,即使类固醇本身对这个过程没有影响。毫无疑问,如上所述,这样的例子是存在的:因此,“许可效应”的概念确实有用。这个术语不能描述糖皮质激素发挥的更普遍的作用,因为在许多情况下,类固醇也对过程本身有直接作用,或者优化一个主要效应物尚不清楚的过程。由于这些情况,并且由于INGLE[1]首次提出的历史上更普遍的用法似乎已经被遗忘,因此在本章中避免使用术语“许可效应”。糖皮质激素研究的最终目标是确定这些激素发挥放大效应的机制。既然这些激素的作用和它们相互作用的激素的作用已经被确定,这样的工作就在可行的范围内了。
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The role of glucocorticoid hormones as biological amplifiers.

Recent research in hormone action has been aimed at studying single effects in well-defined systems. As exemplified in several chapters of this book, it has been possible to deduce a general mechanism of action of the glucocorticoids using this approach. Most hormones, and the glucocorticoids in particular, do not act as independent agents in the intact animal. Although the best known example of how glucocorticoids interact with other hormones is the amplification of the effect of those whose action is mediated by cAMP, these steroids also augment the effects of a variety of other hormones and effectors. Such interactions are of interest in clinical medicine as well, since glucocorticoid hormones are used in combination with other drugs in a number of conditions, including the treatment of asthma, allergies, and certain kinds of shock and cancer. Neither the biochemical nor the pharmacologic basis for the effects of the glucocorticoids is known. In some cases the actions of other hormones are not observed unless the tissue has first been exposed to glucocorticoids. In these instances the glucocorticoids are said to exert a "permissive effect," since they allow a process to proceed at a maximal rate even though the steroid itself has no effect on this process. There is no doubt that such examples exist, as documented above: thus the concept of a "permissive effect" does have utility. The term fails to describe the more general role the glucocorticoids play, since in many instances the steroid also has a direct effect on the process itself, or optimizes a process in which the primary effector is not as yet known. Because of these cases, and because the historically more general usage first proposed by INGLE [1] seems to have been forgotten, use of the term "permissive effect" has been avoided in this chapter. An ultimate goal in glucocorticoid hormone research is to identify the mechanisms involved in the amplification effect these hormones exert. Now that the actions of these hormones and of the hormones they interact with are being defined, such work is within the realm of feasibility.

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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Hormone toxicity in the newborn. Neurobiology of reproduction in the female rat. A fifty-year perspective. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Endocrinology High-performance liquid chromatography of gastrointestinal hormones.
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