Operating Reserve Assessment in Systems with Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles

This paper evaluates the use of energy storage systems integrated to wind generation to increase the operating reserve of an electrical power network, in order to improve the short-term operation and reduce the risk of load interruption. The spinning reserve levels, which are required to ensure the system reliability, are assessed through risk indices evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and cross-entropy method. Electrical vehicles insertion in the power network is represented as uncertainties in the short-term load model. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE-RTS-Wind system.