Protecting patient geo-privacy via a triangular displacement geo-masking method

Protecting patient geo-privacy while allowing for valid geographic analyses of the data is a major challenge [1]. As a consequence, a variety of methods have been introduced to mask patients' locational information, also called geo-masking methods [2]. This study assessed the five main geo-masking methods as cited by [3] in terms of re-identification risk and performance. These five methods are Random Direction and Fixed Radius, Random Perturbation within a Circle, Gaussian Displacement, Donut Masking, and Bimodal Gaussian Displacement. Based on the assessment, the study highlighted two major gaps in the design of these geo-masking methods. First, all five geo-masking methods used only population density in calculating the displacement distances between the original locations of points and their new locations. However, other criteria that might be as important as population density were not considered in designing these five methods. These include data sensitivity, research types, quasi-indicator availability, previously generated maps availability, end-users' types, and the possibility of temporal synergy of data. Second, the Donut Masking and the Bimodal Gaussian Displacement methods were found to be superior in terms of minimizing re-identifying risks, but they were also found to be consuming much more processing power compared to the other three geo-masking methods. To address these gaps, this study proposed a new geo-masking method, called the "Triangular Displacement". The primary design, development, and evaluation of the Triangular Displacement method were based on the Design Science Research (DSR) Process Model [4], also known as DSRM. The expected next step is to implement the resultant geo-masking method as a tool to help healthcare data guardians de-identify large sets of PHR automatically. A pilot study with a large Southern Californian healthcare provider has been outlined to examine the efficacy of the developed solution.