The geopolitics of higher education: the case of Moldova between the EU and Russia

ABSTRACT The Republic of Moldova is located in a tense geopolitical environment between the European Union (EU) and the Russian Federation. As the EU and Russia have incorporated higher education in their foreign policy agendas, this article analyses (1) whether the higher education policies of the EU and Russia are in competition in Moldova and (2) how the Moldovan higher education system is positioned between these external actors. At the theoretical level, higher education policy is conceptualised as a part of the soft power portfolio of the EU and Russia. The article draws on policy documents, primary data on university partnerships, and secondary data on student mobility. It is indicated that higher education policy is viewed by the EU and Russia through a geopolitical prism and to bind Moldova closer into their own orbit, resulting in an element of competition. Simultaneously, the Bologna Process has created an element of regional convergence. As for Moldova’s positioning, a strong EU vector is identified, however, Russia continues to play a significant role – an orientation that is facilitated by domestic and international influences. Finally, a geopolitical divide in higher education is visible in the secessionist Transdniestria region, which almost exclusively relies on Russia.