Line Loss Reduction by Distribution System Upgrading from Radial to Normally Closed-Loop Arrangement

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the resistive line loss reduction by upgrading the primary feeder from radial to normally closed-loop arrangement. First, the resistive line loss formulations that were function of incremental current and correlatively parameters were derived, and the loss reduction by primary feeder upgrading from radial to normally closed-loop arrangement was investigated according to the loss formulation. Next, a numerical example with two radial feeders, which were thermally limited and voltage-drop-limited types, was designed for simulation and analysis under the reasonable and qualified constrains of the feeder length, loadings, as well as voltage drop. Finally, the loss reduction by upgrading the primary feeder from radial to normally closed-loop arrangement was explored concretely and adequately by the theoretical discussed and numerical results.