光伏组件遮阳:智能电网影响

P. Jansson, K. Whitten, J. Schmalzel
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引用次数: 8

摘要

在太阳能光伏系统的设计中,一个一直被忽略的标准是光伏组件的最小行间距。用户和安装人员都努力使系统的面积利用率最大化,以达到最高的年能源输出量。这反过来又导致模块行被设计得非常接近对方;与阵列倾斜降低,试图减少行间的阴影。这种设计实践没有考虑到行间距太近可能对系统输出产生的许多影响。在设计光伏阵列以优化其作为发电机的性能及其在高峰需求期间对电网的贡献时,遮阳问题成为一个关键的考虑因素。本文描述了罗文大学可持续设计中心开发的一种过程,用于测试行间遮阳对全天功率输出和性能的影响。创建了一个测试平台和协议,用于测试模块的输出,给定从一排模块到另一排模块的不同深度的阴影。在系统中排除旁路二极管也进行了测试,以查看由遮光引起的功率损失的最极端情况。这个实验的结果表明,即使在太阳能光伏组件上非常少量的阴影也会导致发电的重大损失。随着越来越多的光伏系统安装在公用事业系统上,它们在高峰时段的可用性成为智能电网成功的一个日益增长的要求。本文还探讨了适当的行间距设计准则对加强智能电网的一些基本原则可能产生的影响。
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Photovoltaic module shading: Smart Grid impacts
In the design of a solar photovoltaic system, one criterion that continues to receive low priority is the provision of minimum inter row spacing for photovoltaic modules. Consumers and installers alike strive to maximize area usage for systems such that they achieve the highest amount of annual energy output. This, in turn, leads to module rows being designed very close to each other; with array tilt lowered in an attempt to reduce inter row shading. This design practice fails to take into consideration many effects that close row spacing can have on system output. When designing a photovoltaic array to optimize its performance as a power generator and its contribution to the electric grid during peak demand periods - shading concerns become a key consideration. This paper describes a process developed at Rowan University's Center for Sustainable Design to test the impact that inter row shading can have on power output and performance across the day. A test rig and protocol were created which tested module's output given various depths of shading from one row of modules upon another. The exclusion of bypass diodes in the system was also tested to view the most extreme possible cases of power loss induced by shading. The results of this experimentation showed that even very small amounts of shading upon solar photovoltaic modules can lead to significant loss in power generation. As more PV systems are installed on the utility system their availability during peak times becomes an ever increasing requirement for Smart Grid success. This paper also explores the ramifications that proper inter row spacing design guidelines could have on reinforcing some of the fundamental principles of Smart Grid.
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