Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an enigmatic condition and its pathophysiology remains to be determined but it is likely to involve the androgen, insulin, and anti-Mullerian hormone pathways. PCOS is diagnosed in women in the reproductive age group based on the Rotterdam criteria. The spectrum of disease involves various phenotypes based on the current diagnostic criteria and this may have reproductive, metabolic, and endocrine consequences. Reproductive issues include that of irregular menstrual cycles and anovulation. Metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension must be screened for in all women who are diagnosed with PCOS. Long-term risks of metabolic and endocrine disorders in women with PCOS still need further confirmation with more robust data. Reproductive ageing appears to be increased in women with PCOS and they seem to menopause at a later age. Thus far, PCOS appears to be associated with endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.