系统性民族主义——波罗的海国家正在从伪民主走向新法西斯主义

Ludmila Nikolaevna Zhilina
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摘要

这篇文章表明,今天所有波罗的海国家对第二次世界大战的结果和与俄罗斯的关系的看法是一致的。波罗的海国家的官方宣传、精英和统治集团不断将俄罗斯定位为该地区和世界稳定的主要威胁,并不断在其国家发展的当前问题中复制苏联的错误论点。有人强调指出,拉脱维亚同立陶宛和爱沙尼亚一样,在国内和国际公众意识中唤起了一贯的反俄情绪。作者指出,在波罗的海国家,第二次世界大战期间的合作现象具有特定的民族特点,并与当地精英的希望有关,即德国的军事存在将使他们能够以战前的形式重建民族国家。作者指出,遗憾的是,试图用恐俄和复仇主义来弥补无法实施创造性政策的努力不会在明天结束。作者分析了波罗的海国家当局对新纳粹如此宽容的主要原因。然而,与此同时,俄罗斯主张平衡和平衡与波罗的海国家的关系,并将其维持在允许进行相当有效的政治对话和发展经济关系的水平上。此外,正如作者所指出的,随着在这种政治环境中出现能够坚决捍卫其本国人民真正民族利益的真正独立人物,局势可以迅速和根本地改变,这最终将恢复波罗的海各国的区域和国际权威,并增加它们在政治和经济上的吸引力。
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Systemic Nationalism — the Baltics states on the way from pseudo-democracy to a new fascism
The article shows that today all the Baltic countries are united in their views on the outcome of the Second World War and relations with Russia. Official propaganda, the elite and the ruling circles of the Baltic States constantly position Russia as the main threat to stability in the region and the world and constantly replicate the thesis of the USSR's fault in the current problems of the development of their state. It is emphasized that Latvia, like Lithuania and Estonia, evokes associations of a consistent anti-Russian irritant in the domestic and international public consciousness. The author shows that in the Baltic countries the phenomenon of collaboration during the Second World War had a specific national peculiarity and was associated with the hope of local elites that the military presence of Germany would allow them to recreate the nation-states in the former, pre-war format. The author notes that attempts to compensate for the inability to conduct a creative policy with Russophobia and revanchism will end, unfortunately, not tomorrow. The author examines the main reasons why the authorities of the Baltic countries are so tolerant of neo-Nazis. However, at the same time, Russia stands for balancing and leveling relations with the Baltic States and maintaining them at a level that allows for a fairly effective political dialogue and developing economic ties. Moreover, as the author notes, the situation can change quite quickly and radically with the appearance of real independent personalities in this political environment who are able to resolutely defend the truly national interests of the population of their countries, which, ultimately, will restore the regional and international authority of the Baltic countries and increase their attractiveness both politically and economically.
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