Splenectomy impairs lymphocytosis during maximal exercise.

To evaluate the role of the spleen for the exercise-induced lymphocytosis, six splenectomized subjects and six matched control subjects cycled for 12 min at two submaximal work rates corresponding to 50 and 75% of their maximal work capacity, followed by a supramaximal intensity maintained until exhaustion (16 +/- 1 min; mean +/- SE). Venous blood samples were taken before, during, and 2 h after the maximal load. In both groups, the concentration of lymphocytes became elevated during exercise, but the increase from the level at rest was impaired in the splenectomized subjects compared with that of the controls (118 +/- 34 vs. 238 +/- 38%; P < 0.05). This was reflected in several lymphocyte subsets: cluster designation (CD) 3+ cells (pan T lymphocytes), 69 +/- 19 vs. 204 +/- 37%; CD8+ cells (T lymphocyte subset), 164 +/- 41 vs. 467 +/- 68%; CD16+ cells [natural killer (NK) cells], 291 +/- 88 vs. 870 +/- 177%; CD56+ cells (NK cells), 301 +/- 108 vs. 753 +/- 187%. Also, the specific NK cell lysis of target cells (NK cell activity) during exercise was lower for the splenectomized subjects (30 +/- 7%) than that of the control subjects (52 +/- 10%), but evaluation of lytic units indicates that this was due to a reduced number of NK cells in the assay rather than insufficient cell lysis. Plasma catecholamines reached the same level in the splenectomized subjects and control subjects, which was taken to reflect that the activity of the sympathetic nervous system was similar in the two groups of subjects. Thus the major finding of this study is that the spleen is important for lymphocytosis during exercise, accounting for two-thirds of the increase in T lymphocytes and NK cells.