A Fitts' law evaluation of gaze input on large displays compared to touch and mouse inputs

Gaze-assisted interaction has commonly been used in a standard desktop setting. When interacting with large displays, as new scenarios like situationally-induced impairments emerge, it is more convenient to use the gaze-based multi-modal input than other inputs. However, it is unknown as to how the gaze-based multi-modal input compares to touch and mouse inputs. We compared gaze+foot multi-modal input to touch and mouse inputs on a large display in a Fitts' Law experiment that conforms to ISO 9241-9. From a study involving 23 participants, we found that the gaze input has the lowest throughput (2.33 bits/s), and the highest movement time (1.176 s) of the three inputs. In addition, though touch input involves maximum physical movements, it achieved the highest throughput (5.49 bits/s), the least movement time (0.623 s), and was the most preferred input.