2D Cubic Spline Transformation With 3D Binary Image for a New Watermarking Algorithm

Watermarking is a new technique proposed to protect digital content from intellectual infringement in recent years. It modifies the original text and adds signature extracts as proof of ownership if needed. This paper uses a two-dimensional cubic spline function with the binary image as the third dimension. The cover image breaks down into three hues, red, and converts into three-dimensional binary information. The locations of pixels in the binary image third dimension (z-plain) are determined using 2D-cubic spline interpolation. To hide the watermarking information in the defined regions, we use direct correlations. The results of simulations utilizing PSNR and BER using this technique show excellent fidelity (92.238 dB) and a low bit error rate (0.0003). Watermark detection accomplishes without the use of the source image. Even when subjected to spatial problems, the simulation results suggest obtaining great realism and robustness.