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In the past, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) forests were plentiful in the northern regions of the United States, covering vast hectares of land. Pressures from past logging practices in the 1800’s and early 1900’s, and disease such as white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) diminished this range (Vogt personal communication 2003). Currently, white pine forests cover only a fraction of the historical area, existing mostly in isolated patches. During the 1990’s interest in restoring stands of eastern white pine increased. Restoration projects began to emerge across the Northeastern United States in response to this interest. These efforts have, however, experienced some difficult challenges. Recent monitoring of current restoration projects has revealed a high mortality rate in young saplings; this is attributed primarily to the increase in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations that browse upon the white pine seedlings. White-tailed deer have the potential to cause severe stress in reforestation projects due to their browsing behavior and densities.