Features in designing of the sowing device for the universal seeder of row and small-seeded vegetable cultures

Annotation Puprose. Improving the sowing accuracy of small-seeded vegetable crops by improving the design of the universal pneumatic seed drill. Methods. Monographic, analytical, abstract-logical, structural modeling, design and manufacture of universal pneumatic precision seeders. Results. The indicators of the quality of work of the improved single-disc sowing machine of the pneumatic vegetable seeder of precision sowing Selena for two-belt sowing of vegetable crops (distance between the tapes – 50 mm) are determined. As a result, it was found that the mean deviation from the middle of the line is 23.6 mm, the standard deviation is 5.1 mm, the coefficient of variation is 21.6 %, average interval between seeds per 1 m – 31.1 mm, standard deviation – 18.3 mm, coefficient of variation – 58.8 %; developed recommendations for refining the design of pneumatic vegetable seeder Selena-6 and its modifications for improving the accuracy and quality of sowing of row and small-seeded vegetable crops. Conclusions. Selena experimental seeders are universal pneumatic seeders, which, in addition to sowing row crops, provide quality sowing of vegetable crops, including small-seeded ones. The introduction of advanced universal pneumatic precision seeders Selena of various modifications will allow you to work with tractors class 0.6; 0.9; 1.4 on sowing of row and vegetable crops in farms with different production volumes. The improved design of the single-disc universal pneumatic seed drill will ensure accurate sowing of small-seeded vegetable crops according to a two-lane scheme, and later a three-lane and four-lane scheme. Analyzing the accuracy of seed distribution with advanced Selena, ORIENTA and OLIMPIA sowing machines, it can be stated that the highest accuracy is provided by the OLIMPIA seed drill with a single-belt machine and additional micrometric seeders. Selena seed drills with two-belt seed sowing are about the same as the ORIENTA seed drill from Gaspardo with a three-belt seed drill with microswitches of excess seed disconnected. Indicators of the Selena seeders with seeds in two lines and the ORIENTA seeders of the company Gaspardo with a three-lines sowing apparatus with micro discards of unnecessary seeds are approximately the same. Keywords: row crops, small-seeded vegetable crops, precision sowing, universal pneumatic seeder.