Adaptive mitigation of out-of-step transients based on equal area criterion and energy balance

Electrical power transmission systems are susceptible to dynamic transients that can result in out-of-step conditions. These conditions can result in potentially damaging stresses to rotating equipment attached to the grid. When these conditions are identified, mitigation actions typically involve separation of the out-of-step portions of the power system. Unplanned separation can lead to system instability and cascading outages. This paper proposes a new adaptive method that provides both early detection of potentially unstable transient situations and specific control parameters by which to stabilize the system without resorting to separation.