Factores asociados a complicaciones en pacientes sometidos a nefrolitotomía percutánea

Background

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the standard procedure for kidney stones larger than 2 cm, thus displacing open surgery. The incidence of complications varies from 12.5 to 52.5%, the main ones being fever and bleeding.

Aim

To identify the factors associated with complications in patients that underwent PNL, in accordance with the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Materials and methods

A retrospective, correlational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. We reviewed 104 patients that underwent PNL within the time frame of 2008 and 2014.

Results

One hundred and four patients were included in the study and there were 38 complications. In accordance with the Clavien-Dindo classification there were grade I (19), grade II (10), grade IIIA (8), and grade IVA (1) complications. The most frequent complication was postoperative bleeding in 11 patients. The complications were related to residual stones (p = 0.032). A grade 2 or higher complication was more likely when the lower calyx was affected (p = 0.027). We found a relation between bleeding and surgery duration > 100 min (p = 0.019).

Conclusions

The Clavien-Dindo classification is a useful tool for standardizing and reporting complications in PNL. Surgery duration > 100 min increased the risk for postoperative bleeding and complications were associated with residual stones.