俄罗斯公民侵略乌克兰的罪责与责任:卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯的现代解读

Volodymyr Iashchenko, O. Balynska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项研究的目的是分析罪责问题,并证实确立俄罗斯公民对侵略乌克兰的集体责任的权宜之计。两位作者利用德国科学家k·贾斯佩斯(K. Jaspers)的理论遗产,在俄罗斯对乌克兰发动的战争背景下,为自己对个人和整个公共社区的罪责和责任概念的解释方法进行了辩护。问题的紧迫性在于使俄罗斯公民对对乌克兰的军事侵略负有道义上和政治上的罪责,并方便他们认识到对俄罗斯联邦政治领导人和军事人员所犯的罪行负有个人的罪责和责任。文章强调了俄罗斯公众的个人罪责与所谓的集体罪责之间的辩证关系,俄罗斯公众应该对国家的政治和刑事行为承担主要责任。人们注意到,这一问题的解决在很大程度上与确保侵略国的所有公民认识到他们参与了犯罪行为并为其罪行赎罪有关。在雅斯贝尔斯的理论遗产的基础上,对罪责现象及其与德国法西斯主义时期的关系进行了研究,并将这些研究方法应用于对俄罗斯侵略政策的分析。研究的重点是道德和存在主义方法论范式的内疚作为其意识的决定因素。对二战期间德国人的行为和现代条件下俄罗斯人的行为进行比较分析的技术和方法,并将德国人民去纳粹化的经验外推给俄罗斯公众。关于肇事者不仅需要承担个人刑事责任,而且还需要承担俄罗斯民族、社会和一般公众对乌克兰战争的统一政治和道德责任,并感到有必要改变俄罗斯的极权主义政权,因为它对全人类都是危险的,这一结论得到了证实。对于任何对俄乌战争产生的现代政治和法律连续体问题感兴趣的人来说,这篇论文都是有用的。
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Guilt and Responsibility of Russian Citizens for Aggression Against Ukraine: Modern Reading of Karl Jaspers
The purpose of the study is to analyse the problems of guilt and substantiate the expediency of establishing the collective responsibility of Russian citizens for aggression against Ukraine. Using the theoretical legacy of the German scientist K. Jaspers, the authors justify their own approach to the interpretation of the concept of guilt and responsibility of both the individual and the public community as a whole in the context of the war that Russia has unleashed against Ukraine. The urgency of the problem lies in incriminating moral and political guilt to Russian citizens for military aggression against Ukraine and in the expediency of them realising their personal share of guilt and responsibility for the crimes committed by the political leadership and military personnel of the Russian Federation. The paper highlights the dialectic of the relationship between personal guilt and the so-called collective culpability of the Russian public, which should bear the main responsibility for the politics and criminal actions of its state. It is noted that the solution of this problem is largely connected with ensuring that all citizens of the aggressor state realise their involvement in criminal actions and atone for their guilt. Based on the theoretical legacy of K. Jaspers, theses regarding the phenomenon of guilt, its varieties in relation to the period of fascism in Germany were developed and these approaches were applied to the analysis of Russia's aggressive policy. The study focuses on the moral and existential methodological paradigm of guilt as a determining factor in its awareness. Techniques and methods of comparative analysis of the behaviour of Germans during the Second World War and Russians in modern conditions, extrapolation of the experience of denazification of the German people to the Russian public are also used. The conclusion about the need for the perpetrators to bear not only personal criminal responsibility, but also the consolidated political and moral responsibility of the Russian nation, the community, and the public in general for the war against Ukraine, and to feel the need to change the totalitarian political regime in Russia as dangerous for all mankind, is substantiated. This paper would be useful for anyone interested in the problems of the modern political and legal continuum generated by the Russian-Ukrainian war.
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