CYBERTHREATS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

As a result of the transition to distance and hybrid learning, first due to the COVID-19 pandemic and then due to the Russian attack and large-scale war, the education sector has faced a wide range of cyber threats. Awareness of these threats can help universities and their staff protect themselves and their students from these vulnerabilities. Large amounts of personal data and financial information about students, faculty and staff, as well as information about research circulate in higher education institutions. It makes them an attractive target for cybercriminals. The article analyzes cyber threats in the higher education sector. The classification of the most common cyber threats in the higher education sector is offered. The basis of most successfully implemented cyber attacks is the human factor, ie the mistakes of staff or students due to ignorance or disregard for the basic rules of cyber hygiene. A study of the signs of cyber threats in the field of education made it possible to divide them according to nine criteria: threats to IoT devices, threats due to human factors, identity theft, ransomware or malicious software, financial gain, espionage, phishing, DDoS attacks, threats to CMS. The implemented classification of cybersecurity threats in the field of higher education will contribute to their clear understanding and specifics on one or another basis. Knowledge of the main threats to educational networks and systems, understanding of common ways of hacking and leaking confidential data of students, teachers and other staff will allow educational institutions to choose and apply the most effective tools and strategies at all levels of cybersecurity. Cybersecurity is a shared responsibility for everyone, and its success depends on being aware of the motives and methods of attackers, maintaining good cyber hygiene by everyone, and monitoring compliance.