多元主义、规范自然主义与生物分类学

Marc Ereshefsky
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引用次数: 2

摘要

有几位作者主张生物学中的分类多元论,即有机世界有多种同样合法的分类。其他人则反对说,这种多元化归结为一种“什么都可以”的立场。本文通过展示一个人如何成为一个有鉴别力的多元主义者,对“一切皆有可能”的反对意见作出了回应。特别是,选择分类学项目的方法标准是使用劳丹的规范自然主义推导出来的。本文还阐明了为什么分类学多元化发生在生物学中,并说明了规范性自然主义的有用性。
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Pluralism, Normative Naturalism, and Biological Taxonomy
Several authors have argued for taxonomic pluralism in biology -the position that there is a plurality of equally legitimate classifications of the organic world. Others have objected that such pluralism boils down to a position of anything goes. This paper offers a response to the anything goes objection by showing how one can be a discerning pluralist. In particular, methodological standards for choosing taxonomic projects are derived using Laudan's normative naturalism. This paper also sheds light on why taxonomic pluralism occurs in biology as well as illustrates the usefulness of normative naturalism.
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