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引用次数: 2

摘要

神学家试图通过理解各种主观现象来获取客观信息。Khawatir代表了这样一种个人经历。Khawatir与以下与内在刺激有关的术语混合在一起:hads al-nafs(内心对话),kalm al- khaf(隐藏的言语),fikr(意见/思考),teemm(审议),tadabbur(沉思),ilham(灵感)和waswasa(暗示的想法/来自魔鬼的低语)。Khawatir被描述为心灵或头脑中快速而秘密地穿越或出现以前不存在的想法。根据神学家的说法,khawatir不能被认为是信息的来源;然而,它代表了知识形成的第一步。Khawatir可以来自神圣或邪恶。前一个来源激励个人更接近安拉;后者灌输了对行为的渴望,这些行为会导致来世的惩罚。人们只能通过理性来区分这两者。作为关于人类责任和知识来源的话语的一个重要话题,对khawatir的讨论也包括其对人类行为的心理影响。探索和呈现该术语的多种解释的异同也是至关重要的。khawatir的概念已经从知识和人类行为的角度进行了讨论,它代表了本体论、苏菲主义和神学学科中话语的关注。khawatir的问题最初是在公元三世纪由Mu 'tazilî学者nazz提出的。Khawatir形成于一个人的内心;它引发思考,促使行动。因此,它代表了从思想到行为的道路。神学家们讨论了khawatir的概念,与marifetullah(认识安拉)、自由和行为的因果关系有关。在这种背景下,苏菲神学家和学者从不同的角度来研究khawatir,并使用不同的科学方法来讨论这一现象。调查神学中的khawatir概念并研究其对意志和责任的影响也很重要,因为这个概念具有教育价值,既是一种知识理论,也是人类行为的触发器。不可避免地,这种想法会不由自主地出现在一个人的心中,并且无法阻止,也会影响个人的行为。显然,khawatir是至关重要的,是态度的灌输。当学者们能够理解khawatir的信息可靠性程度、它是如何获得的、它在哪里作为mahalli出现,以及它对人类的影响时,关于khawatir的冲突观点可能会得到澄清。khawatir的概念对现代心理学也很重要,它研究行为的根本原因。在当代术语中,khawatir的概念与动机的概念错综复杂地交织在一起。Khawatir被认为是行为的决定因素;因此,它与引导人们采取行动的动机或因素密切相关
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Kelâm İlminde Havâtır Kavramının Yeri
Theologians have attempted to understand varied subjective phenomena to obtain objective information. Khawatir represents one such individual experience. Khawatir is intermingled with the following terms related to inward stimulants: hadîs al-nafs (inner dialogue), kalâm al-khafîy (hidden speech), fikr (opining/thinking), teemmül (deliberation), tadabbur (contemplation), ilham (inspiration), and waswasa (insinuating thoughts/ whispers from the devil). Khawatir is described as the quick and secret crossing through or occurrence of previously nonexistent ideas within the heart or mind. According to theologians, khawatir cannot be considered a source of information; however, it represents the initial step for knowledge formulation. Khawatir can emanate from the divine or the satanic. The former source inspires an individual to come closer to Allah; the latter inculcates the desire for deeds that lead to punishment in the hereafter. People can only distinguish between the two through reason. As a crucial topic of the discourse on human responsibility and sources of knowledge, deliberations of khawatir also encompass its psychological impact on human behaviors. It is also vital to explore and present the similarities and differences in multiple interpretations of the term.. EXTENDED ABSTRACT The concept of khawatir has been discussed in terms of knowledge as well as human actions and represents a concern for discourses in the disciplines of ontology, Sufism, and theology. The issue of khawatir was initially postulated in the third century AH by the Mu‘tazilî scholar Nazzâm. Khawatir is formed in a person’s heart; it triggers thought and enables action. Hence, it represents the path from thought to behavior. Theologians have discussed the concept of khawatir in connection with issues pertaining to marifetullah (knowing of Allah), freedom, and the causality of actions. In this context, Sufi theologians and scholars have approached khawatir from discrete perspectives and have discussed the phenomenon using individual scientific methods. It is also essential to investigate the notion of khawatir in theology and to study its effects on will and responsibility because of the educational value of the concept, both as a theory of knowledge and as a trigger for human actions. Inevitably, such ideas that emerge involuntarily within a person’s heart and that cannot be prevented would also affect individual behaviors. Evidently, khawatir is vital and the inculcation of attitudes. The conflicting perspectives on khawatir may be clarified when scholars can comprehend the extent of its informational reliability, how it is attained, where it occurs as mahalli , and its impact on human beings. The notion of khawatir is also significant for modern psychology, which deals with the root causes of behaviors. In contemporary terms, the concept of khawatir is intricately intertwined with the idea of motive. Khawatir is recognized as a determinant of conduct; it is thus, closely connected with motives that lead people to act or factors
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