Approaches to Solving the Passive Node Behavior in Mobile Ad Hoc Networking Routing

This work is an overview on approaches to avoiding passive node behavior in mobile wireless ad hoc net-work(MANET) with homogeneous nodes routing protocols. MANETs are stand-alone networks composed of individual mobile devices that communicate with each other using their on-board hardware exclusively. Due to limited communication radius, a MANET protocols rely for mobile devices to forward each other's messages. This gives rise to the problem of nodes refusing to spend energy on messages that are foreign to themselves. This paper gathers recent works on providing incentive to the devices to cooperate. We then identify the algorithmic mechanism of Vickery Clarke Groves as the approach that requires the least amount of overhead that can positively provide incentive to mobile devices to cooperate. The main contribution of this paper is the survey on solving passive node behavior, and the experimental evaluation of the impact of passive node behavior on the basic MANET routing protocols.