Demand response of islanded residential critical loads considering PV generation uncertainty and storage capacity

Renewable energy sources, propagation and extension in the world put its undeniable effects on electricity consumers, which supplies many homes, and buildings equipped with Photovoltaic (PV) system as one of the distributed energy resources (DERs). Due to PVs generation uncertainty and the necessity of energy economy management in the buildings, an optimal energy management method is needed that should be implemented based on the user critical load demand response with considering the storage capacity. This paper addresses a smart load management approach based on State of Charge (SOC) index to determine battery capacity in the condition of the PV generation uncertainty at 24 hours a day in the island state. It should be noticed that in the current load management method in the similar conditions the customers dealt with a power outage because the distribution network and customer devices will be protected from voltage fluctuation. The customer dissatisfaction and power generation uncertainty are the significant disadvantages of it. For this reason, to find a solution regard to smart demand response, it is suggested that the residential critical loads, categorized in three groups in which based on the smart selective program the target cluster loads supplied. According to the mentioned approach, 62% and 54% of winter and summer critical loads with considering the battery capacity in the island system are supplied, respectively. Furthermore, each electricity consumer average revenue in the condition of the PV generation uncertainty as the worst case (island state) are increased 1.93 $ and 2.91 $, respectively.