Comparison of wind turbine LQG controllers using Individual Pitch Control to alleviate fatigue loads

This paper focuses on the design of Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers for variable-speed horizontal axis Wind Turbines (WT). These turbines use blade pitch angle and electromagnetic torque control variables to meet specified objectives for Full Load (FL) zone. The main control objectives are to reduce structural dynamic loads and to regulate the power of the WT. The controllers are designed in order to optimize a trade-off between several control objectives. Four different LQG using Individual Pitch Control (IPC) are designed, with Wireless-Sensors (WS) placed at the end of the blades for the last one. Their control model is progressively more complex. The first one takes into account a rigid simple behavior, the second control model considers the first mode of the drive-train flexibility, the third model takes into account the drive-train and tower flexibilities and the fourth that of the blades. Likewise, their optimization criteria consider for each controller a new control objective to alleviate fatigue loads in the drive-train, then, also in the tower and finally also in the blades. The evaluation of the fatigue loads affecting the WT components are based on a Rainflow Counting Algorithm (RFC) and the Miner's rule. The results indicate a significant reduction of fatigue loads especially in the drive-train and the blades when its flexibility is taken into account in the control models.