M. Kulyk, Fedir Kirchu, L. Volianska, Ivan Babichev, Vasyl Yehunko
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本文介绍了高稀薄大气中旋翼和推进螺旋桨流动的设计和建模结构。翼型的气动特性是决定设计精度和性能预测的关键因素。叶片元件在不同的雷诺数和攻角下工作。根据设计条件下预期雷诺数的升阻比,选择叶片型线。本文研究了螺旋桨在高稀薄大气中运行的特点。当螺旋桨在稀薄大气中运行时,需要特别注意介质湍流粘度模型的选择。平流层螺旋桨设计的最大困难是解决叶片直径过大、重量过大和形状过大的问题。为了解决这一问题,本文提出采用连接双排叶片。这种方法可以消除叶片的空气动力阴影,增加叶片的空气动力负荷。使用双排叶片将提供必要的叶片刚性和强度,并将导致重量减轻。此外,由于双排设计,它成为可能减少直径尺寸的螺旋桨。提出了一种双排叶片型线分析技术。该方法是基于一维螺旋桨理论和数值气体动力学方法的联合应用。利用一维理论得到给定特性下螺旋桨的原始几何形状,利用基于求解Navier-Stokes方程的reynolds平均的数值气体动力学方法解决了流动的空间建模问题,得到了精细的螺旋桨特性。考虑到设计要求和运行限制,提出在稀薄大气条件下采用双排叶片连接螺旋桨。
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Особливості розрахунку та моделювання обтікання несучих та тягових гвинтів літальних апаратів в умовах сильно розрідженої атмосфери
This article presents the structure of designing and modeling the flow of rotors and pusher propellers in a highly rarefied atmosphere. The aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil are key factors in determining design accuracy and performance prediction. The blade elements operate at different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. The blade profile was selected based on an estimate of the lift-to-drag ratio for expected Reynolds numbers under the design conditions. This paper considers the features of the operation of propellers in a highly rarefied atmosphere. When modeling propellers operate in rarefied atmosphere, it is necessary to pay special attention to the choice of a model for the turbulent viscosity of the medium. The greatest difficulties in the design of stratospheric propellers arise when solving the problems of excessive diameter, weight and shape of the blades. To solve this problem, in this paper, it is proposed to use joined double row blades. This approach made it possible to eliminate the aerodynamic shading of the blades and increase their aerodynamic load. The use of double-row blades will provide the necessary rigidity and strength of the blades and will lead to weight reduction. Additionally, due to the double-row design, it becomes possible to reduce the diametrical dimensions of the propeller. An analytical technique for profiling double-row blades has been developed. The proposed approach is based on the joint application of the one-dimensional propeller theory and numerical gas dynamics methods. The one-dimensional theory is used to obtain the original geometric shape of the propeller for given characteristics, and the methods of numerical gas dynamics, which are based on solving the Reynold averages of the Navier-Stokes equations, are used to solve the problems of spatial modeling of the flow and obtain refined propeller characteristics. Considering the design requirements and operational limitations, it is proposed to use propellers with joined double-row blades in conditions of rarefied atmosphere.
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