创伤性脑损伤患者的重症监护病房管理

Subhas K Konar, Indubala Maurya, D. Shukla, V. Maurya, Balachandar Deivasigamani, Priyadarshi Dikshit, Rakesh Mishra, A. Agrawal
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引用次数: 1

摘要

头部损伤或创伤性脑损伤(TBI)在发达国家被认为是一种即时流行病。头部受伤占所有创伤相关死亡的四分之一到三分之一。根据《2018年全球道路安全现状报告》,一年内有135多万人死亡。其中,90%的伤亡发生在发展中国家,而印度约占总份额的11%。直到最近十年,心脏病、癌症和道路交通事故被认为是我国死亡的主要原因。据预测,如果道路交通事故的发生率继续保持目前的速度,那么到2025年底,头部受伤将成为全世界最常见的死亡原因。颅脑损伤患者在住院早期和随访后期对治疗医师提出了独特的挑战。重症监护管理的主要作用是预防和治疗颅内高压,颅内高压引起脑灌注压紊乱,从而预防继发性脑损伤。在本综述中,我们讨论了在重症监护病房有效管理创伤性脑损伤。
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Intensive Care Unit Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Head injury or traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered an instant epidemic in the developed world. Head injuries account for one quarter to a third of all trauma-related deaths. According to the Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018, more than 1.35 million people were killed in a single year. Out of these, 90% of the casualties occurred in developing countries, and India contributes about 11% of the total share. Until the last decade, cardiac disease, cancer, and road traffic accidents were considered the leading causes of death in our country. It is predicted that if the incidence of Road Traffic Accidents continues at the present rate, then by the end of 2025, the head injury will become the most common cause of death worldwide. The head injury patients pose a unique challenge to the treating physicians in the early period of hospitalization and the later duration of follow-up. The primary role of intensive care management is preventing and treating intracranial hypertension, which causes derangement in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), thereby preventing secondary brain injury. In the present review, we discuss the effective management of TBI in the critical care unit.
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