基于生物特征的人类识别系统:综述

David Palma, Pier Luca Montessoro
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引用次数: 5

摘要

随着用于可靠和高度安全的人类身份验证和识别的自动化系统的普及,生物识别技术解决方案的重要性随着安全意识的提高而提高。事实上,传统的身份验证方法,包括基于知识的系统,使用您知道的东西(例如,用户名和密码)和基于令牌的系统,使用您拥有的东西(例如,身份证),不能满足可靠的安全应用程序的严格要求。相反,生物识别系统利用人类的行为(外在)和/或生理(内在)特征,克服了影响传统个人身份验证方法的安全问题。本章概述了最常用的生物特征及其属性,各种生物识别系统的操作方式以及与这些系统相关的各种安全方面。特别地,它将讨论生物识别过程中涉及的不同阶段,并进一步讨论可以被利用来破坏生物识别系统安全性的各种威胁。最后,为了评估系统的性能,必须采用度量标准。因此,最广泛使用的度量是根据所提供的系统准确性和安全性以及在实际部署中的适用性来讨论的。
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Biometric-Based Human Recognition Systems: An Overview
With the proliferation of automated systems for reliable and highly secure human authentication and identification, the importance of technological solutions in biometrics is growing along with security awareness. Indeed, conventional authentication methodologies, consisting of knowledge-based systems that make use of something you know (e.g., username and password) and token-based systems that make use of something you have (e.g., identification card), are not able to meet the strict requirements of reliable security applications. Conversely, biometric systems make use of behavioral (extrinsic) and/or physiological (intrinsic) human characteristics, overcoming the security issues affecting the conventional methods for personal authentication. This book chapter provides an overview of the most commonly used biometric traits along with their properties, the various biometric system operating modalities as well as various security aspects related to these systems. In particular, it will be discussed the different stages involved in a biometric recognition process and further discuss various threats that can be exploited to compromise the security of a biometric system. Finally, in order to evaluate the systems’ performance, metrics must be adopted. The most widely used metrics are, therefore, discussed in relation to the provided system accuracy and security, and applicability in real-world deployments.
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