爱因斯坦场方程中张量的协变散度和常散度告诉我们牛顿的苹果落地时的情况

A. Trupp
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引用次数: 1

摘要

爱因斯坦场方程中每个张量的协变散度是零,这是数学上的必然(因此是一个默认的前提),而普通散度则不一定是零。因此,在爱因斯坦的场方程中可以观察到能量守恒的原理,但前提是所有由重力加速度获得的动能(因此不是真正的力)都被抛弃。当牛顿的苹果落地时,引力加速度产生的动能转化为热能,因此不能再忽视,这就导致了能量守恒原理的明显困境。这个困境是可以解决的。该解决方案阐明了有争议的假设,即引力场根本不携带任何能量。它也为暗能量的本质提供了一个令人惊讶的见解——不是作为推测的结果,而是作为爱因斯坦场方程中所有张量的协变散度为零的数学结果。此外,该解决方案还阐明了一个有争议的概念,即世界是一个空间上的四维(或更多)膜。
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What the covariant and ordinary divergences of the tensors in Einstein's field equation tell about Newton's apple when it hits the ground
The covariant divergence of each tensor in Einstein’s field equation is zero as a mathematical necessity (and hence as a tacit presupposition), whereas the ordinary divergence is not necessarily so. The principle of energy conservation is thus observed in Einstein’s field equation, but only if all kinetic energies obtained by gravitational accelerations (and hence by “forces” which are no real forces) are thrown out. This leads to an apparent dilemma for the principle of energy conservation when Newton’s apple hits the ground, where the kinetic energy generated by gravitational acceleration converts into thermal energy and can thus no longer be disregarded. The dilemma can be solved. The solution sheds light on the disputed hypothesis according to which the gravitational field does not carry any energy at all. It also provides a surprising insight into the nature of dark energy – not as a result of speculations, but as a mathematical consequence of the covariant divergence of all tensors in Einstein’s field equation being zero. In addition, the solution sheds light on the disputed concept of the world as a spatially four-(or more) dimensional brane.
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