{"title":"腐败的多重面貌:类型学、形式和层次","authors":"J. Vargas-Hérnandez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1413976","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed to analyze the multiple forms and faces of corruption, its typology and levels. The analysis begins reviewing a tipology categorizing political corruption, economic corruption and public administration corruption and showing some examples of tipologies, stablishing the levels of corruption and indicating where can be encountered. It is concluded that corruption is just as multifaceted concept as there are societies and economic and political systems, embracing from the broad concept of corruption to the narrow legal concept of bribery. However, it is difficult to assess the overall levels of corruption phenomena based on empirical or perceived data which do not reflects the realities of corruption world.","PeriodicalId":416153,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Ethics","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2009-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"50","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Multiple Faces of Corruption: Typology, Forms and Levels\",\"authors\":\"J. Vargas-Hérnandez\",\"doi\":\"10.2139/ssrn.1413976\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"This paper is aimed to analyze the multiple forms and faces of corruption, its typology and levels. The analysis begins reviewing a tipology categorizing political corruption, economic corruption and public administration corruption and showing some examples of tipologies, stablishing the levels of corruption and indicating where can be encountered. It is concluded that corruption is just as multifaceted concept as there are societies and economic and political systems, embracing from the broad concept of corruption to the narrow legal concept of bribery. However, it is difficult to assess the overall levels of corruption phenomena based on empirical or perceived data which do not reflects the realities of corruption world.\",\"PeriodicalId\":416153,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"CSN: Ethics\",\"volume\":\"157 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2009-10-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"50\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"CSN: Ethics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1413976\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"CSN: Ethics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1413976","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Multiple Faces of Corruption: Typology, Forms and Levels
This paper is aimed to analyze the multiple forms and faces of corruption, its typology and levels. The analysis begins reviewing a tipology categorizing political corruption, economic corruption and public administration corruption and showing some examples of tipologies, stablishing the levels of corruption and indicating where can be encountered. It is concluded that corruption is just as multifaceted concept as there are societies and economic and political systems, embracing from the broad concept of corruption to the narrow legal concept of bribery. However, it is difficult to assess the overall levels of corruption phenomena based on empirical or perceived data which do not reflects the realities of corruption world.
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