光伏材料:概述,世代,最新进展和未来展望

Muhammad Aamir Iqbal, Maria Malik, Wajeehah Shahid, Syed Zaheer Ud Din, N. Anwar, M. Ikram, F. Idrees
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引用次数: 12

摘要

由于人们越来越关注化石燃料能源对全球变暖和气候变化的影响,近年来光伏电池技术作为一种可持续能源取得了显著进展。迄今为止,光伏电池已经分为四代,前两代占据了目前市场的大部分。第一代薄膜技术是基于单晶或多晶硅和砷化镓电池,包括众所周知的中等或中等产量的低成本技术,而第二代薄膜技术包括效率和制造成本较低的设备。第三代基于新型材料,具有广泛的设计选择,以及昂贵但高效的电池。然而,第四代,也被称为“无机-有机”,结合了聚合物薄膜的低成本和柔韧性,以及有机基纳米材料(碳纳米管,石墨烯及其衍生物)中创新无机纳米结构(金属纳米颗粒或金属氧化物)的耐久性。本章的目的是通过提供四代石墨烯及其衍生物在太阳能电池应用中的相关性的全面概述,突出光伏电池技术在制造材料和效率方面的现状。
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Materials for Photovoltaics: Overview, Generations, Recent Advancements and Future Prospects
As a consequence of rising concern about the impact of fossil fuel-based energy on global warming and climate change, photovoltaic cell technology has advanced significantly in recent years as a sustainable source of energy. To date, photovoltaic cells have been split into four generations, with the first two generations accounting for the majority of the current market. First generation of thin-film technologies is based on monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon and gallium arsenide cells and includes well-known medium- or low-cost technologies with moderate yields, whereas, second generation includes devices with lower efficiency and manufacturing costs. Third generation is based on novel materials and has a wide range of design options, as well as expensive but highly efficient cells. However, fourth generation, also known as “inorganics-in-organics,” combines the low cost and flexibility of polymer thin films with the durability of innovative inorganic nanostructures (metal nanoparticles or metal oxides) in organic-based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their derivatives). The aim of this chapter was to highlight the current state of photovoltaic cell technology in terms of manufacturing materials and efficiency by providing a comprehensive overview of the four generations as well as the relevance of graphene and its derivatives in solar cell applications.
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