分散剂和分散油的生态影响分析综述

X. Ye, Z. Zhu, F. Merlin, M. Yang, B. Chen, K. Lee, B. Zhang
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引用次数: 4

摘要

工业发展导致石油需求飙升,推动了海上石油勘探和生产活动,甚至进入更深、更冷的水域。因此,油的运输,以及潜在的泄漏事故和相关污染都增加了。迫切需要制定应急计划,以有效和环保的方式清理石油泄漏。分散剂的应用可以促进浮油分解成小油滴,使其在水柱中快速分散、溶解、稀释和生物降解。分散剂是公认的有效的原油处理剂,并得到了广泛的应用。深水地平线漏油事件发生后,使用了近700万升化学分散剂,其中大部分是Corexit 9500A。然而,关于分散剂的争论仍在继续,主要关注它们对环境的影响和生态毒性,这些问题需要得到充分的审查和解决。因此,本文综述了近年来分散剂和化学分散油的室内、中尺度研究和野外试验的生态影响分析。通过对生态毒性和环境影响评估的最新综述,本研究将有助于弥合该领域的知识空白,并促进未来分散剂的应用。
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Ecological Impact Analysis of Dispersants and Dispersed Oil: An Overview
Soaring oil demand, as a result of industrial development, boosts oil exploration and production activities at sea, even into deeper and icier waters. The transportation of the oils, as well as the potential spill accidents and associated pollutions are thus increased. There is an urgent call for contingency planning with effective and eco-friendly oil spill cleanup responses. Dispersant applications can facilitate the breaking up of oil slicks into small oil droplets, allowing their rapid dispersion, dissolution, dilution and biodegradation in the water column. Dispersants have been recognized as effective oil treating agents and well adopted. Nearly 7 million liters of chemical dispersants, mostly Corexit 9500A, were used after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident. However, debates over dispersants continued with major concerns about their environmental impacts and the ecological toxicity, which need to be well reviewed and tackled. Therefore, this study summarized the recent laband meso-scale studies and field trials on the ecological impact analysis of dispersants and the chemically dispersed oils. By providing an up-to-date review of the ecological toxicity and environmental impact assessment, this study would help to bridge the knowledge gaps in the field and facilitate future dispersant applications.
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