On the Alternative Structures for a Three-Grade Markov Manpower System

: This paper considers a manpower system modelled within the Markov chain context under the condition that recruitment is done to replace outgoing flows. The paper takes up the embeddability problem in a three-grade manpower system and examines it from the standpoint of generating function (i.e., the z-transform of stochastic matrices). The method constructs a stochastic matrix that is made up of a limiting-state probability matrix and a partial sum of transient matrices. Examples are provided to illustrate the utility of the method.