Grammar for reading and writing

Strands 5.2: Understanding and responding to ideas, viewpoints, themes and purposes in texts as pupils describe the ways ideas are threaded through a text; 8.5: Structuring, organising and presenting texts in a variety of forms on paper and on screen; 9.2: Using grammar accurately and appropriately. These two aspects ensure texts make sense. Text is from the Latin texere (to weave) so coherence and cohesion ensure a text is woven together into a whole, rather than being an unrelated collection of sentences and/or paragraphs. Teachers working with pupils learning English as an additional language will need to be explicit in teaching these areas. Pupils who have been learning English for four years or more may give the impression of being fluent, but they still need to develop their skills as readers and writers, especially in formal and/or examination contexts.