Real-Time Parking Surveillance System and Auto-Billing through The Internet of Things

This study describes a parking sensing system based on the internet of things (IoT) that uses robust outdoor vehicle localization and recognition algorithms. Although parking occupancy monitoring systems have come a long way, intelligent parking payment is rarely investigated in smart parking research. This study presents a revolutionary low-cost sensor system that allows for real-time parking occupancy monitoring and payment without user or driver input. The proposed onboard vehicle transceiver device (VTD) sensor will be implemented without the need for new components to be installed in each parking lot. It provides advantages in terms of detection and payment dependability and cost savings through reduced system complexity, infrastructure investment, and battery replacement costs. A two-fold sensing method is used to accomplish reliable vehicle detection and parking occupancy monitoring.