克里米亚文化景观中的西班牙-摩尔语穆德哈尔代码

Elena Romanovna Kotliar, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Khlevnoi
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摘要

这项研究的主题是克里米亚文化景观中的西班牙-摩尔语穆德哈尔代码。研究的对象是克里米亚建筑装饰中的西班牙-摩尔风格。工作中使用了以下方法:确定风格元素的文化学(本体论和符号学)分析,分析先前研究的方法,识别现代时期克里米亚建筑风格特征的综合方法。文章揭示了该主题的以下几个方面:确定了西班牙-摩尔式穆德哈尔风格的特点及其在新艺术运动时期克里米亚建筑中的应用,以及这种风格在克里米亚文化景观中普及的原因。本研究的主要结论是:1。克里米亚多民族的文化景观以自古至今居住在克里米亚的各民族文化为代表。民族认同和自我认同的主要因素是宗教信仰,体现在民间传统中。民间艺术是体现民族认同的最具特色的例子。2. 西班牙-摩尔风格的穆德哈尔(Mudekhar)风格在克里米亚建筑中的传播并非偶然,因为对于克里米亚来说,东西方特色的融合是有机的。自古以来,克里米亚就位于“从瓦良格人到希腊人”的道路上,位于欧洲到亚洲贸易路线的交汇处。摩尔风格已经成为克里米亚地理和文化景观的一部分,有机地进入了夏宫和豪宅的建筑中。3.作者对该主题发展的一个特殊贡献是确定和证明Mudekhar代码是克里米亚新艺术运动风格中最流行的代码之一。该研究的科学新颖性在于对克里米亚文化景观中穆德哈尔代码的识别和风格分析。
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The Spanish-Moorish Mudekhar code in the Crimean cultural landscape
The subject of the study is the Spanish-Moorish Mudekhar code in the cultural landscape of the Crimea. The object of the study is the Spanish-Moorish stylistics in the decor of the architecture of the Crimea. The following methods are used in the work: culturological (ontological and semiotic) analysis in determining stylistic elements, the method of analysis of previous studies, the method of synthesis in identifying stylistic features of the Crimean architecture of the Modern period. The article reveals the following aspects of the topic: the features of the Spanish-Moorish Mudejar style and its application in the architecture of the Crimea of the Art Nouveau period, as well as the reasons for the popularization of this code in the cultural landscape of the Crimea are identified. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. The multiethnic Crimean cultural landscape is represented by the cultures of ethnic groups that inhabited the Crimea from ancient times to the present day. The main factor in the identification and self-identification of ethnic groups is religious affiliation, reflected in folk traditions. Folk art is the most characteristic example of the manifestation of ethnic identity. 2. The spread of the Spanish-Moorish Mudekhar style in Crimean architecture is not accidental, since the synthesis of eastern and Western features is organic for Crimea, which has been lying on the way "from the Varangians to the Greeks" since ancient times, at the intersection of trade routes from Europe to Asia. The Moorish style has become part of both the geographical and cultural landscape of the Crimea, organically entering the architecture of summer palaces and mansions. 3. A special contribution of the authors to the development of the topic is the identification and justification of the Mudekhar code as one of the most popular in the Crimean Art Nouveau style. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the identification and stylistic analysis of the Mudekhar code in the Crimean cultural landscape.
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