Abdel-latif, Z. Shehata, A. Galal, E. M. Hussein, A. El-Samawaty
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摘要

分离到镰刀菌属9种,分别为镰刀菌属(fusarioides)、moniliforme、subglutinans、oxysporum、poae、sambucinum、semiitectum、solani和sporotrichioides。自镰孢镰刀菌和孢子毛镰刀菌被记录为棉花植株新的附加病原体以来。其中,梭兰镰刀菌的发病严重程度最高(59%),镰刀菌的发病严重程度最低(47.75%)。棉花吉萨87 cv。疾病严重程度最低(40.4%),吉萨90最易感(54.5%)。与棉花种子、幼苗或植株相关的镰刀菌发生频率因采样日期、地点、棉花品种和前茬作物而异。2000年4月出现频率最低(35.58%),6月出现频率最高(69.2%)。以前的作物蚕豆比三叶草的频率更高。棉花品种吉萨89的种子侵染率最高(12%);吉萨85的频率最低(2%)。豇豆、玫瑰属植物和秋葵属植物感染镰刀菌。玫瑰属植物最易感(病重达36.7%),秋葵属植物最不易感(病重达24.75%)。植株年龄与镰刀菌侵染呈显著负相关,与侵染种植时间相比,30天龄植株对所有试验镰刀菌均表现出抗性(疾病严重程度为4.4%)。念珠菌和半乳念珠菌能感染所有被试棉花器官。F. poae侵染子叶、花和铃。仅子叶和随枝感染镰刀虫。否则镰刀菌就没有能力感染这些器官。
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Nine Fusarium species, i.e. fusarioides, moniliforme, subglutinans, oxysporum, poae, sambucinum, semitectum, solani and sporotrichioides were isolated. Since F. fusarioides and F. sporotrichioides recorded as new additional pathogens to cotton plants. While F. solani expressed the highest disease severity (59%) and F. fusarioides gave the least disease severity (47.75%). Cotton Giza 87 cv. showed the least disease severity (40.4) and Giza 90 existed the most susceptible one (54.5% disease severity). Frequency of Fusarium species associated with cotton seeds, seedlings or plants was varied with sampling date, location, cotton cultivars and previous crops. Since the least frequency was obtained in April 2000 (35.58%), while the highest frequency (69.2%) was given by June 2000. Previous crop broad bean exhibited higher frequency than clover plants. Seeds of cotton Cultivar Giza 89 gave the highest frequency (12%) while cv. Giza 85 revealed the least frequency (2%). Fusarium species were infected cowpea, roselle and okra plants. Roselle plants were the most susceptible (gave 36.7% disease severity) while okra plants were the least susceptible (expressed 24.75% disease severity). Negative correlation was pronounced between plant age and infection with Fusarium species where 30 days old plants showed resistance against all tested fusaria (showed 4.4% disease severity) as compared to infection planting time. F. moniliforme and F. semitectum have ability to infect all cotton organs tested. F. poae infected cotyledons, flowers and bolls. Only cotyledons and followers were infected by F. fusarioides. Otherwise Fusarium species had no ability to infect these organs.
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