基于三点移动传感器结构的碰撞恢复系数确定

Fatmawati, R. N. Setiadi, L. Umar
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The apparatus is installed on a 3-points configuration where the sensors are placed on three positions; sensor 1 is placed on the top, sensor 2 is in the middle, and sensor 3 at the bottom of the acrylic pipe. Sensor 1 and 2 can be adjusted according to the desired measuring distance. The work system of this apparatus is divided into three parts, that is: determining the acceleration of falling objects, application of the restitution coefficient, and helping students explore physical parameters related to the coefficient of restitution. The electronic circuit is designed with in two functions so that apparatus can calculate the period when the objects fall (t1) and bounce (t2). The surface of the apparatus is optimized to minimize air friction, so that the falling objects acceleration is equivalent to the Earth's gravity ($\\mathbf{g}=9.8\\ \\mathbf{m}/\\mathbf{s}^{2}$). To obtain the collision restitution coefficients (e) over the calculation, the bouncing surfaces were varied. 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引用次数: 2

摘要

目前研制的碰撞实验装置不能帮助学生理解涉及碰撞恢复系数的实验中物理参数的关系。本文介绍了基于自由落体运动实验的碰撞恢复系数测定实验装置的研制。该系统使用三对红外(IR) led CQY99作为发射器,光电二极管传感器SFH 203FA作为接收器,而数据记录由基于SMD的Arduino Uno与ATmega328微控制器驱动。传感器安装在直径为100毫米,厚度为5毫米,高度为1200毫米的垂直透明丙烯酸管上。测量对象为不同直径和类型的球形质量。该设备安装在三点配置上,其中传感器放置在三个位置;传感器1位于顶部,传感器2位于中间,传感器3位于亚克力管底部。传感器1和2可以根据需要的测量距离进行调节。该装置的工作系统分为三个部分,分别是:确定落体加速度,恢复系数的应用,帮助学生探索与恢复系数相关的物理参数。电子电路设计有两种功能,装置可以计算物体下落的时间(t1)和反弹的时间(t2)。该装置的表面经过优化,使空气摩擦最小化,因此下落物体的加速度相当于地球的重力($\mathbf{g}=9.8\ \mathbf{m}/\mathbf{s}^{2}$)。为了获得计算过程中的碰撞恢复系数(e),改变弹跳面。碰撞实验结果显示了碰撞恢复系数参数的持久性,结果为$\mathbf{g}=9.79\pm 0.0032\ mathbf{m}/\mathbf{s}^{2}, \mathbf{u} < \mathbf{v}, \mathbf{p}_{2} < \mathbf{p}_{1}, \mathbf{I}=\Delta \mathbf{p}$,结果表明自由落体的e值为0 < e < 1。在此基础上,该装置可以作为学校的碰撞实验工具,帮助学生理解自由落体和碰撞恢复系数的概念。
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Determination of Restitution Coefficients for Collision Using 3-Points Moveable Sensor Configuration
The collision experiment apparatuses that have currently developed can not able to assist students in understanding relation of physical parameters on the experiment that involves a collision restitution coefficient. This paper describes the development of the collision experiment apparatus for restitution coefficient determination based on free fall motion experiment. The system uses three couples of infra-red (IR) LEDs CQY99 as transmitter and photodiode sensors SFH 203FA as receiver while the data recording is driven by an SMD based Arduino Uno with an ATmega328 microcontroller. The sensors were mounted on a vertical transparent acrylic pipe in diameter of 100 mm, thickness of 5 mm and height of 1200 mm. The measuring used objects are spherical masses with varied diameter and type. The apparatus is installed on a 3-points configuration where the sensors are placed on three positions; sensor 1 is placed on the top, sensor 2 is in the middle, and sensor 3 at the bottom of the acrylic pipe. Sensor 1 and 2 can be adjusted according to the desired measuring distance. The work system of this apparatus is divided into three parts, that is: determining the acceleration of falling objects, application of the restitution coefficient, and helping students explore physical parameters related to the coefficient of restitution. The electronic circuit is designed with in two functions so that apparatus can calculate the period when the objects fall (t1) and bounce (t2). The surface of the apparatus is optimized to minimize air friction, so that the falling objects acceleration is equivalent to the Earth's gravity ($\mathbf{g}=9.8\ \mathbf{m}/\mathbf{s}^{2}$). To obtain the collision restitution coefficients (e) over the calculation, the bouncing surfaces were varied. The results of the collision experiment have shown the persistence of the collision restitution coefficient parameter, with the results of $\mathbf{g}=9.79\pm 0.0032\ \mathbf{m}/\mathbf{s}^{2}, \mathbf{u} < \mathbf{v}, \mathbf{p}_{2} < \mathbf{p}_{1}, \mathbf{I}=\Delta \mathbf{p}$, and as shown in the results, the value of e of a freely falling object is 0 < e < 1. Based on this result, the apparatus can be used as collision experiment tool at schools to help students in understanding the concept of free fall and collision restitution coefficients.
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