野生动物资源管理中的权力斗争:以坦桑尼亚布隆格野生动物管理区为例

Rose P. Kicheleri, T. Treue, G. Kajembe, F. Mombo, M. Nielsen
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引用次数: 7

摘要

通过横断面研究设计,本研究考察了坦桑尼亚布隆格野生动物管理区(WMA)的权力斗争。有目的地选择了组成WMA的十个村庄中的四个,并通过焦点小组讨论、关键信息提供者访谈、户主问卷调查和文献综述收集数据。结果表明,中央政府、投资者和非政府组织拥有制度和战略权力,而民主选举的村委会拥有结构性权力,并将其在wma之前的大部分制度权力让给了法律要求的新机构——授权协会。因此,村委会失去了对与WMA及其支持者生计有关的战略、制度和管理决策的影响力。因此,Burunge WMA通过削弱村委会对其选区的相关性,使野生动物管理非民主化。该研究还发现,利益相关者之间在收入、土地管理和资源获取方面的权力斗争,主要是由于利益分歧。然而,没有适当的冲突管理机制。因此,我们建议建立、管理和解散妇联的体制权力应归还给村议会。其目的是建立经济激励结构,以促进(i)野生动物保护,(ii)在组成野生动物保护区的村委会之间公平分配相关成本和收益,以及(iii)野生动物保护区与更高级别的政府以及国际保护非政府组织之间公平分配成本和收益。
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Power Struggles in the Management of Wildlife Resources: The Case of Burunge Wildlife Management Area, Tanzania
Through a cross-sectional research design, this study examined power struggles in Burunge Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Tanzania. Four out of ten villages com-prising the WMA were purposively selected, and data were collected via focus group discussions, key informant interviews, questionnaires to household heads, and a litera-ture review. Results showed that the central government, investors and non-government organisations held institutional and strategic powers, while the democratically elected Village Councils held structural powers and lost most of their pre-WMA institutional powers to a legally required new institution, the Authorised Association. Therefore, Village Councils lost influence on strategic, institutional and management decisions per - tinent to the WMA and their constituencies’ livelihoods. Accordingly, Burunge WMA de-democratised wildlife management by eroding the relevance of Village Councils to their constituencies. The study also found power struggles over revenues, land management and access to resources among the stakeholders, mainly due to a divergence of interests. However, there was no conflict management mechanism in place. Hence, we recommend that the institutional powers to establish, govern and dissolve WMAs should go back to Village Councils. The purpose is to establish economic incentive structures that promote (i) wildlife conservation, (ii) an equitable distribution of associated costs and benefits between Village Councils forming WMAs and (iii) an equitable distribution of costs and benefits between WMAs and higher levels of government as well as international con - servation NGOs.
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