Nontraumatic Thoracic Aorta

Chest pain represents one of the most common reasons for emergency department visits. Imaging often plays a key role in the patient’s care. Diseases of the media (aortic dissection, intramural hematoma (IMH) and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU)) have been grouped under the term acute aortic syndrome. Other conditions may be seen in patients suspected of an acute aortic syndrome, including thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortic fistula, aortic thrombus and vasculitis. Radiologists must be familiar with the spectrum of these entities to help triage patients appropriately and efficiently. Understanding the imaging findings and proper measurement techniques allow the radiologist to suggest the most appropriate next management step.