Cyber Security Risks of Net Zero Technologies

The main aim of this paper is to provide useful insights to researchers, practitioners and policy makers about cyber security risks of the so-called “net zero technologies”, technologies that can help achieve the “net zero” greenhouse gas (GHG) emission goal set by many countries and the United Nations. The paper first reviews the general background about the NZ goal and selected sectors with important NZ-related technologies, and then focuses on a broad analysis of cyber security risks of NZ-related technologies and relevant solutions, from both technological and socio-technical aspects. This paper concludes with a list of identified open challenges that require more future research and development and some recommendations to different stakeholders of NZ-related technologies.