Scientific and Cultural Situation in Andalusia and Maghreb in the XII Century

The scientific and cultural saving of the East was first carried to North Africa at the beginning of the eighth century and then to Andalusia with the conquest of the Iberian peninsula. In the tenth century, Andalusian Muslims were at the top of science, culture, and civilization. The cultural exchange between the East and the West accelerated with the appearance of the Almoravids and Almohades on the stage of history, both in Africa and Andalusia. The emergence of political stability and the rulers' encouragement of science and scientists enabled scientific activities to gain momentum in this region. Scientific councils and debates organized in various fields in cities with a historical background in Andalusia and Maghreb have enlivened cultural life. Books translated into Western languages have attracted attention in Europe, and studies in the fields of philosophy, medicine, pharmacy, and mathematics have influenced the Western science world.