Column-associative Caches: A Technique For Reducing The Miss Rate Of Direct-mapped Caches

Direct-mapped caches are a popular design choice for highperfortnsnce processors;unfortunately, direct-mapped cachessuffer systematic interference misses when more than one address maps into the sensecache set. This paper &scribes the design of column-ossociotive caches.which minhize the cofllcrs that arise in direct-mapped accessesby allowing conflicting addressesto dynamically choose alternate hashing functions, so that most of the cordiicting datacanreside in thecache. At the sametime, however, the critical hit accesspath is unchanged. The key to implementing this schemeefficiently is the addition of a reho.dsM to eachcache se~ which indicates whether that set storesdata that is referenced by an alternate hashing timction. When multiple addressesmap into the samelocatioz theserehoshed locatwns are preferentially replaced. Using trace-driven simulations and en analytical model, we demonstrate that a column-associative cacheremovesvirtually all interference missesfor large caches,without altering the critical hit accesstime.