耶稣神迹的历史性——神迹的解释学研究

Woon Chul Baik
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摘要

耶稣行为中最引人注目的事情之一就是神迹。四部福音书记载了医治、驱魔、使死人复活和许多自然奇迹。这些奇迹故事在历史上是真实的吗?在现代,像布尔特曼这样的评论家,受到机械论世界观的影响,认为耶稣的奇迹是神话或想象的产物,是出于道歉的动机而创造出来的。本文在避免意识形态偏见的前提下,采用历史批判的方法对文本进行分析,得出耶稣明显施行了医治、驱魔、复活的奇迹的结论。耶稣说,我若靠着神的指头赶鬼,神的国就临到你们了。同样地,耶稣借着神迹,使将来救恩的预言成为现实。奇迹已经是小范围的新天新地。早期教会的门徒用从耶稣那里领受的能力,行出耶稣所行的神迹,并传扬神国的福音。然而,耶稣治愈的奇迹被十字架和复活神学中的基督论观点重新解释,驱魔的力量开始被圣灵的洗礼所取代。与此同时,这种奇妙的灵恩力量在教会中逐渐消失,今天应该如何理解耶稣的神迹?今天的科学世界观对奇迹和奇迹信仰的挑战是什么?本文对这些问题进行了初步思考,作为结论。
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The Historicity of Jesus’ Miracles a the Hermineutical Study of Miracles
One of the most remarkable things about Jesus' actions is miracles. The four Gospels report healing, exorcism, raising the dead and performing many natural miracles. Are these miracle stories historically true? In modern times, commentators, such as Bultmann, who have been influenced by a mechanistic world-view, regard the miracle of Jesus as a myth or a product of imagination, created from apologetic motives. As a result of analyzing the texts by the historical-critical method, avoiding ideological prejudices, this paper reaches the conclusion that Jesus clearly performed the miracle of healing, exorcism, and raising the dead. Jesus declared that the kingdom of God has come upon you if I cast out demons by the finger of God. Likewise, through miracles, Jesus made the apocalyptic expectation of future salvation present. A miracle is already a new heaven and a new earth on a small scale. With power they had received from Jesus, the disciples of the early church performed miracles that Jesus performed and they proclaimed the gospel of the kingdom of God. However, the miracle of Jesus' healing was reinterpreted by christological perspectives in the theology of the cross and resurrection, and the power of exorcism began to be replaced by baptism in the Holy Spirit. At thre same, this wonderful charismatic power gradually disappeared in the church, How should Jesus' miracles be understood today? What are the challenges of today's scientific worldview to the miracles, and miracle faith? This paper presents a preliminary reflection on these topics as a conclusion.
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