Feasibility Analysis of Implementing Hybrid Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Sarawak

The transportation sector in Sarawak completely depends on fossil fuel which produces a high quantity of greenhouse gases. A suitable design of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with grid-integrated renewable energy resources (RERs) can help in addressing this issue. This paper proposes to enhance the execution requirements of the hybrid-powered electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) in Sarawak. A generalized approach for modelling a renewable energy-based hybrid microgrid equipped with EVCS is presented in detail. Four types of microgrid configurations with biomass and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have been studied to find the optimal size of each component feasible for EVCS. Each design of the hybrid-powered EVCS has been analyzed in terms of economic and environmental viability using the climate data with associated monetary data. The analysis shows that the cost of lowering emission to zero is directly proportional to the total net present cost (RM 259, 0SS) when using PV microgrid-powered EVCS. The outcome of this paper provides insight for policymakers on the technical and financial benefits of EVCS deployment. It also promotes the industry of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in Malaysia.