城市更安静垂直起降飞机的实用概念设计

Christopher J. Silva, W. Johnson
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引用次数: 5

摘要

提出了采用中低保真度工具进行垂直起降旋翼机概念设计的工具链和流程。与通常用于概念设计的方法相比,该方法能够在噪声、尺寸和成本指标之间提供更多定量可靠的交易。除了通用的概念设计工具外,该方法还采用了对饰边、叶片运动和空气载荷的综合分析;然后,声学分析软件使用这些数据来开发声源,传播它,并计算噪声指标。该方法的一个关键方面是灵活地评估不同的飞机类型和不同的技术和设计特点。车辆的尺寸使用具有代表性的城市空中交通设计任务。介绍了单主旋翼直升机、四旋翼直升机、侧翼直升机和升力+巡航飞机的演示案例。用于演示的噪声指标是FAA/EASA认证的起飞、飞越和进近的有效感知噪声水平。本研究中的概念飞机相对于初始设计点实现了噪声的降低,从而改变了任务性能和成本。在认证指标中,许多设计预计比现有直升机安静数十个EPNdB。
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Practical Conceptual Design of Quieter Urban VTOL Aircraft
A toolchain and process for conceptual design of VTOL rotorcraft, employing low- and mid-fidelity tools is presented. The approach is capable of providing more quantitatively-credible trades between noise, size, and cost metrics than the methods commonly used for conceptual design. In addition to a general conceptual design tool, the approach employs comprehensive analysis for trim, blade motion, and airloads; these are then used by acoustic analysis software to develop source sound, propagate it, and calculate noise metrics. A key aspect of the approach is flexibility to assess varied aircraft types and different technologies and design features. Vehicles are sized using a representative Urban Air Mobility design mission. Demonstration cases are presented for a single main rotor helicopter, quadrotor, sideby-side helicopter, and lift+cruise aircraft. Noise metrics used for demonstration are the FAA/EASA certification Effective Perceived Noise Levels for takeoff, flyover, and approach. The concept aircraft in this study are shown to achieve reductions in noise relative the initial design points, with changes in mission performance and cost as a consequence. Many of the designs are predicted to be tens of EPNdB quieter in the certification metrics than existing helicopters.
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